A programming language describes the same for computations, so there is a close analogy between protocols and programming languages: protocols are to communication what programming languages are to computations. To reach an agreement, a protocol may be developed into a technical standard. Communication protocols have to be agreed upon by the parties involved. The specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be implemented. Each message has an exact meaning intended to elicit a response from a range of possible responses pre-determined for that particular situation. Ĭommunicating systems use well-defined formats for exchanging various messages. Protocols may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of both. The protocol defines the rules, syntax, semantics and synchronization of communication and possible error recovery methods. System for exchanging messages between computing systemsĪ communication protocol is a system of rules that allows two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of a physical quantity.
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